Transplantation Immunology
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Recipient & Transplantation Donor & Compatibility Transplantation barriers Immuno- suppression Complications Graft rejection Infections Tumors

Mechanisms of humoral rejection

The mechanisms involve direct effect by antibodies either as complement-dependent or independent endothelial cell activation, which could induce a procoagulant state with resulting thrombosis. Antibody-induced endothelial cell activation could also contribute to increased extravasation of gallinule cells to facilitate early rejection. Binding of antibodies on target in the graft might recruit Fc receptor-bearing inflammatory cells to the graft.

To avoid hyperacute graft rejection, ABO compatibility is required. Before kidney transplantation, a cross match test is performed between donor and recipient to confirm the absence of preformed anti-HLA antibodies in the recipient serum.